Uploaded on 2020-03-10 by CHALLA VADDE THARUN KUMAR

The way we live and, crucially, where we live, is changing fast. In 1950, 746 million people around the world lived in cities. Today, 3.9 billion do – and that figure is expected to increase by a further 2.5 billion by 2050. The world is moving from spacious, green, rural lives to condensed, concrete urban ones. Putting the numbers into context – in just 100 years, the population of our cities will have grown by 88% – to 6.4 billion. This rapid urbanization presents many challenges. One of the most urgent is how to provide infrastructure solutions that can cope with the stress caused by this massive expansion of populations in concentrated spaces. Established cities must build, maintain, and upgrade extensive transport, power, water and telecommunication networks, in order to keep up with the demands of economic development and population growth. This infrastructure is necessary to continue to progress societies and improve living standards. Transport is a particularly complex issue: At the heart of the urban supply chain, if city transport networks are insufficient to meet demand, urban economies and societies can be severely impacted, removing the benefits that such concentrated centers of talent and marketplaces bring. With more than