Uploaded on 2019-04-27 by Dr. Timo Munzinger

Traffic: Due to the many work places (stock) in the city, many people commute (flow) during the day to work in the city and in the evening back home. The increased use of new work models or homeworking could reduce the number of commuters or at least equalize rush hours. In another case, a major employer would relocate. This would relieve the flow of commuters on the old route. Energy: Only a small part of the required energy is generated in the city itself. Usually this takes place via solar or photovoltaic systems (stock). Most of the energy is generated outside and then transported to the city (flow). By reducing energy consumption, part of the required infrastructure could be saved. In addition, the increased use of solar collectors on many roofs could reduce the share of imported energy. People: Many people come to Cologne to study, work and live (flow). New apartments and new infrastructures have to be built. Immigration has an impact on the existing residents (stock). Immigration increases demand and prices for services, traffic increases or density increases. In order to counteract traffic chaos, public transport is being expanded. This results in fewer emissions and less noise.