Uploaded on 2019-03-12 by Alaa Abu Baker

•There are notable differences in summer heat between the US cities and their nearby rural, cities are hotter because of the UHI phenomenon, urban physical form and surfaces as roads, buildings and infrastructure make these cities hotter, in a single day urban cities temperatures can be as much as 15-27 hotter than their rural. Of the top cities with heat island over the past 10 years are: las vegas(7.3 F), Albequereque (5.9F) •The main UHI effects in Khartoum city, that it has a hotter and warmer climate than its rural surrounding, mainly because the fast gowing urbanization process and human interventions replace natural vegetation with artificial urban materials, expansion of human activities, intenive use of transpotation, spread of high rises, factories, use of air conditioning. Inversely rural areas has ground floor houses, natural vegetation, farms, etc. •In order to reduce the UHI effects in Khartoum city, the city is situated at the confluence of the White and Blue Niles, vast farms and green lands were located at the riverbanks, but because of the increasingly urbanization, buildings are creeping into these farms, decision 1 is to prevent this creeping and make the benefits of having these green and water elements