Uploaded on 2017-04-12 by Patricia Cazorla

According to the Sankey diagram presented by the International Energy Agency, in Ecuador the dominant fossil fuel is oil. Ecuador produced 28.06 Mtoe in 2014, but 21.26 Mtoe were exported. Due to the lack of refineries in the country, 7.18 Mtoe of oil products were imported during 2014. The rest of the produced oil in addition to the imported oil products is used principally for transport (53.44%), others (25.32%) and industry (16.45%). The other segment includes residential, commercial and public services, agriculture/forestry, fishing and non-specified activities. A new policy to improve the environmental friendly and sustainable sources and consumption of energy in Ecuador should reduce the need to transport, in addition to boost the use of the public transportation. In order to achieve this, a combination of transit-oriented development and demand management measures should be established. Firstly, cities should become more accessible. A mix of activities should be coordinated per neighborhoods, decreasing the travel distant to accomplish diary needs. Neighborhoods should become denser. To do this, housing programs to cover the lack of dwellings should be promoted in those zones in which the infrastructure has the capacity to cover the increment of the demand. Secondly, the infrastructure for pedestrian and cyclist should be improved and connected to the public transport stations. Additional facilities as bike service, public bike program, etc. encourage the active mobility. Finally, the public transport service should become more sustainable, reliable and robust. For the former, the rolling stock that uses fossil fuels should be substituted by electric systems (buses, LRT, metro) according to the current and expected transport demand. An efficient communication system about the frequencies, routes, and travel time encourages the use of the public transport. The level of disruptions due to congestion could be decreased giving priority to the public transport over the private car. Coordination between the semaphoric system and the public transport planning assure this priority. Simultaneously, it is necessary to undertake a package of measures to discourage the use of the private car. This should include the rise of taxes in the car ownership, the elimination of fuel subsidies for the private car, the increment of parking fares, the establishment of calmed traffic zones, free car zones, etc.