Uploaded on 2017-03-08 by Marina

1. What are the dominant fossil fuels used in your country? In Russian Federation the main fossil fuel is natural gas (524,2 Mtoe total production and import, 155,7 Mtoe of which goes to export). The second most important is crude oil: 177,9 Mtoe is consumed within the country and 340,9 is exported. 2. Where are the dominant fossil fuels mainly used for in your country? (e.g. transport, industry, non-energy use etc.) It is important to mention that only 144,8 Mtoe of gas is consumed directly. Other 221,7 Mtoe goes to power stations, which produce heat and electricity mainly used by industry and residential facilities. Production of heat on power stations also results in great losses of heat (135,6 Mtoe). Out of direct gas consumption 40,7 Mtoe is consumed in “other” category, predominantly, residential use (37,8 Mtoe). A bit smaller, in comparison to “other”, is a share of “Industry” - 36,5 Mtoe. As for second important fossil fuel – oil – 60,4 Mtoe of total amount is consumed by transport, mainly road transport (51,3 Mtoe). 3. It is your task to create a new policy in order to improve the environmental friendly and sustainable sources and consumption of energy of your country. How would you do that? Think of how you can improve the sources and the consumption of energy. As Russia is rich in natural resources, such as crude oil and natural gas, it seems highly unlikely that it will soon arrive to balanced and sustainable resource management. For the same reason, alternative fuels are spreading here scarcely. Residential facilities turn out to be main consumers of fossil fuels: both in a direct form of natural gas and as heat and electricity from power plants. This energy is then used for heating of our homes, providing them with electricity and gas for cooking. That’s why, in my opinion, main solutions to improve environmental friendliness of energy consumption lie in improving energy efficiency in housing. By small steps, such as reduction of heat losses, energy efficient lightning, we could noticeably improve the situation. Another considerable problem is condition of power pants and industrial facilities. Those facilities are usually in bad condition, ineffective and produce great energy losses. To improve this situation some policies should be undertaken, that would encourage citizens and businesses to implement energy efficient solutions. On the photo: A chimney of a boiler station in Moscow.