Uploaded on 2015-11-26 by RyabovaElhana

Nowadays we have enough different copartnership projects (in urbanistic, biological, ecological etc. areas) to say, that this topic is known in Russia, but they are not enough to note, that this topic is popular. And in this homework I try to show the information about two linked alternatives: Citizen Design Science guidelines and directly Citizen Design Science projects. I start my discussion with the research work of two urban scientist Vinogradov V.N. and Erlikh O.V., who has been working with kind of Citizen Design Science in the resource center of strategy planning in Leontievsky Center in St. Petersburg since 1998. In their research and instructional methodology manual they try to solve a problem of retargeting the mining towns (Novoshakhtinsk, Kizel and Venev towns), after the crisis in 1990-s with the help of copartnership projects. [*Vinogradov V.N., Erlikh O.V. Involving citizens into development and realization of the Strategy plan: theory, practice, technologies / St. Petersburg, Leontievsky Center. – 2001. – 88 p.*] The authors create the manual of involving citizens and developing the city strategy plan by using Citizen Design Science methods. So, I cite here one of the part about city strategy plan. (Vinogradov et. al., p. 8) *“Creation of city strategy plan is not the one-sided obligation of government to the citizens, but it is an organization the constructive dialog between the local authorities, state authority, citizens and urban business premises in the effort to city development”.* To involving citizens into copartnership the next **criteria of acceptance the city strategy plan by citizens** were developed: - To form a positive view of citizens to processes of development and realization of the Strategy plan and its content: - To involve actively broad segments of citizens into processes of development and realization of the Strategy plan; - Readiness of citizens to use in their daily routine the ideas and content of the Strategy plan. Nevertheless, during the involving citizens into partnership, it could be some problems, such as: *“even understanding of citizens the problems doesn’t promote the correct demonstration of citizen advocacy”.* Citizens questioning about how they themselves ready to participate in city problems decision, demonstrated the next picture: - Don’t know – 80% of citizens; - Voluntary litter pick (“subbotnic” in Russian) – 12% of citizens; - Electoral participation – 4% of citizens; - Organization of public actions – 1.2% of citizens; - Participation in protest actions and barring out - 1.1% of citizens; - Participation in conferences and roundtable discussions – 0.4% of citizens. To solve this problem the authors suggest creating a special system of public participation. The **main target** of this system is actualization of social city potential through opening, orientation and possibilities coordination of citizens for city development. The **main characteristics** of this system are: - Clean target of social participation in strategy planning; - Feedback of citizen and government; - Alternative positions and meanings; - Citizen participation since the earliest stages of making decisions; - Including the most people of different social groups in strategy planning; - Delivery of enough information to citizens and teaching them during the strategy planning process; - Openness and controllability the strategy planning process for all social groups; - Using qualified procedural framework to organize citizen participation and to control its results. **The effective forms of organize citizen participation are:** - Object-oriented public information programs; - Hotline phone, community liaison office; - Questioning, focus-groups; - Public consultations; - Working and topic groups for preparing recommendations; - Interactive discussions and debates; - Voting through mass-media resources; - Civil referendum; - Teaching citizens; - Technical support of citizen participation. It’s important to say, that realization all of these forms supposes **dialog organization** between all stakeholders. (Vinogradov et. al., p. 11-14) Another important thing is that the necessary condition of effective citizen participation in strategy planning process is **availability of specialists (moderators)** to organize such work. (Here we can remember the pare “professional scientist – layperson” in some Citizen Science researches). And below I show you how to work this methodology of involving citizens into strategy plan development on different stages. (Vinogradov et. al., p. 17-18) **1. Strategy plan development stage.** - Citizens motivation to copartnership; - Analysis the citizens readiness to development strategy plan; - Analysis the real possibilities and resources to city development. (As a result: understanding of citizens all resource possibilities of their city and document “Problem field of city development”); - Analysis the citizens wished image of future city; - Advancement social initiatives of perspective programs of city development. **2. Strategy plan approval stage.** - Discussion of text of strategy plan by citizens; - Approval the text of strategy plan by city community agents; - Approval the strategy plan as an administrative document by local government. **3. And realization strategy plan stage.** Realization includes not only accomplishment priority projects, but also permanent accession of strategy plan with new civil ideas, initiatives and projects. That’s all what I want to tell you about methodology of copartnership and now I want to present you the real Citizen Design Science project by architect group from Vologda city. Firstly, a bit of history. In 2013 in Vologda city was started the social project “Activation”. It’s main target was popularization and development of copartnership principle. As part of the project the 5 pieces of public space were created. All of them were made by young architect groups, students and, of course, citizens. One of such project became bus station “Dramteatr” near the legitimate drama building. ![enter image description here][1] This project was created by architect group “8” together with Vologda citizens. As Nadezhda Snigereva (the leader of this group) said, young architects had a lot of own ideas, but they want, they citizens offered their opinion. She added that the main problem is that specialist or government made the decisions alone, without the biggest part of city – its people – and citizens can only accept or refuse these decisions. But she is sure, that this is incorrect – citizens have rights to change their city, and other stakeholders should give them such possibilities. That’s why architects from group “8” held an opinion poll to know how citizens imaging future bus station. Architects also worked with mass media to inform more citizens and take their attention. And it worked. People had lots of ideas about image and functions (comfort, safety, etc.) of future bus station, many of them were very interesting. ![enter image description here][2] ![enter image description here][3] ![enter image description here][4] After summarizing all meanings, architects created design project of station, and when it was approved both citizens and government, the real bus station was built. And, I want to add, that this project was in short-list of best design projects of popular Russian prime “АRHIWOOD” (the prime in wooden architecture area). ![enter image description here][5] Now this architect group and other project groups from different areas have more than dozen projects, created with copartnership principle with citizens in architecture, environment, greening, urban land improvement and other areas. For me it’s a good example how citizens stop to be passive acceptors of social decisions and become the active partners in area of changing and improvement their city territory. ![enter image description here][6] ![enter image description here][7] [1]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14485278797167108.jpg [2]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14485279696948941.jpg [3]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14485279908983993.jpg [4]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14485280056405129.jpg [5]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/1448528025819632.jpg [6]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14485281298449337.jpg [7]: http://