Uploaded on 2019-11-17 by Caroline B.

In Indonesia, the dominant fossil fuels consumed are oil products (71.3 Millions of tonnes) used for transport and biofuels and waste production (56.1 Millions of tonnes) used for residential. Industry follows with a mix usage of fossil fuels such as oil products, coal, natural gas, biofuels and electricity. In order to improve the sustainability of sources and consumption of energy, tougher policies and regulations should be enforced, especially around coal mining as Indonesia’s fossil fuel production is by far dominated by coal which it largely exports (about 80%). Along with this, large-scale investments in renewable energy research need to be made, which includes hydroelectric and geothermal energy production -specifically because the country is home to over 100 volcanoes. Further, due to inhabitant’s dependency on private motor vehicles in Indonesia, the country demands an alarming amount of oil for transportation. Thus, there needs to be policy to encourage growth of adequate public transport infrastructure and non-motorised transport options (e.g. electric cars, buses).