Uploaded on 2015-12-13 by babakraji63

2- Which are the main UHI effects that you can identify in your area? ![http://tourism-spot.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Delft-20Netherlands-201209240687.jpg][1] ![enter image description here][2] - Replacement of natural surfaces by non-reflective and water-resistant construction materials - The narrow arrangement of buildings in the urban canyons - Production of waste heat from automobiles, air-conditioning systems and industrial buildings - Obstruction of wind flows by buildings 3- Which are the measures you would propose? - Using permeable pavements that allow the movement of storm water through ground - Integration of greenery systems into the buildings such as green roofs, green walls, green balconies and sky gardens. - Increasing vegetation and trees in the urban canyon - Creating a wind path through the city to avoid accumulation of heat 4- Is UHI effect concerning policy making in your area? Until the last decade, the UHI was found to be relatively unimportant for Dutch cities due to a mild climate and mitigating influence of proximity to the North Sea. In addition, Dutch cities are known for their large number of canals and one can expect that this special feature will influence the UHI. However, this view changed after the heat waves in 2003 and 2006 which caused a considerable mortality rate between 1000 and 2200 in the Netherlands (Haines et al., 2006). These numbers are relatively high as compared to those reported for other European countries (EEA, 2008). Since then, considerable governmental grants are allocated to research projects to understand how the future climate change will affect livability, and heat stress in Dutch cities. [1]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14500385816434147.jpg [2]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/1450038626291415.jpg