Uploaded on 2015-06-29 by MaherIbrahim

decades by its large inflows of foreign financial resources, supported by regional oil wealth and financial inflows from the large Lebanese Diaspora. The foreign financial inflows are not being used in way, to develop the country to improve the infrastructure, create jobs, and develop attractive segments such as agriculture, technology, and industry; they are rather directed to “safe havens” such as real estate and/or liquid investments. 2. **Urban Density** :A quick look at a density map of the city of Beirut demonstrates — centripetal forces associated with the densification at the core at the BCD area and its surrounding, make up the basic concentration areas of population allocation, compact urban form and relatively slow horizontal physical expansion, relative to population growth, accompanying, with— Centrifugal forces on the suburbs driving the city’s built form outwards, due— to attraction of low-cost land on the periphery. ![The Urban Development of Beirut-City Growth in History- By ETH Studio-Bas][1] *The Urban Development of Beirut-City Growth in History- By ETH Studio-Basel* 3. **Water**: Lebanon is in a relatively fortunate hydrological position. It is estimated from isohyetal maps that the yearly precipitation results in an average yearly flow of 8,600 million cubic meter (Mm3), giving rise to 40 major streams and rivers and more than 2,000 springs1. Despite this seemingly abundant resource, approximately 50 percent of the average yearly precipitation is lost through evapotranspiration, while additional losses include surface water flows to neighboring countries Lebanon is poised to experience a water deficit within 10-15 years, unless sound and radical water management policies are developed and implemented. References: 1. Ministry of Environment/LEDO. Chapter 8. Water. ECODIT - Page 109 2. http://www.studio-basel.com/assets/files/files/07_60s_beirut_web.pdf [1]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/143557648582252.jpg