Uploaded on 2014-11-12 by robinhinkley

![People][1] The population of Istanbul itself is in constant flux, and census numbers are generally accepted as being well under the actual population. Flows of people worth mentioning include those created by tourism, those that enter the city as part of the massive amount of freight that comes and goes and thousands of Syrian refugees that have come. Some of the flows are seasonal (such as tourism) while others follow a daily pattern (commuting). Muslim celebrations often lead to a massive flow of Istanbul residents (the usual “stock” of residents) into other parts of Turkey. The stocks and flows of people in Istanbul could change for the city’s benefit if there could be greater distribution of the transient populations throughout the city. As it is, those coming and going on a regular basis tend to be coming to the centre of this sprawling city. ![enter image description here][2] A city as populated as Istanbul inevitable consumes a huge amount of food. Within the city there is very little space for horticulture or agriculture, though the hinterlands present some opportunities for small-scale food-production. A huge majority of Istanbul’s grain and fresh produce is driven into the city from other parts of Turkey, which offers quite a range of climatic conditions. Much of the food that is brought in is processed within the city – through factories or restaurants. The stocks and flows of food in Istanbul could change positively if the vast sections of unused land on the outskirts of the city were to be used for food production. A system of disposing of composting waste, separate from plastics and other waste, would lead to a more sustainable city. ![Water][3] Water represents a crucial stock and flow for Istanbul, and is the focus of much activity. Water provided by the utilities is gathered from a number of reservoirs on the outer parts of the city, and is heavily treated. The tap water is undrinkable, so there is a huge trade in large bottles of drinking water brought in from other parts of Turkey. Istanbul is coastal, and the Bosphorus Straight and the Goldern Horn represent important water features, bringing recreation opportunities, transport options and a livelihood through fishing. Istanbul could be positively affected by a change to this stock and flow if the different uses of water for factories, construction, consumption and other non-recreational uses could be allocated the lowest grade of water (in terms of purity and previous uses) necessary for that purpose. Basically, grey-water systems. [1]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14158236057552678.jpg [2]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/1415823901767465.jpg [3]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/141582373226867.jpg