Uploaded on 2014-11-20 by DanLar81

**PEOPLE / COMMUTERS:** 1,3 million people live in the greater Stockholm area and roughly 1 million of them are currently working. Around 100 000 is commuting into the city and 36 000 is commuting out of the city. All these groups can be seen as stocks according to the model of stocks and flows. Regarding the flow of commuters, these can be seen as the lifeblood of the city’s economy. The different means of transport are divided accordingly to the diagram below: ![Transportation categories][1] As shown in the diagram there is a big percentage of commuters that use the car (at least as we perceive it in Sweden). This leads to traffic congestion in and out of the city during rush hours. In order to reduce this flow problem there need to be significant investments in the public transport system. This is already happening to some degree but more is needed in the future. **WATER:** The Stockholm area, as well as most of Sweden, has good availability of water. Every day Stockholm Vatten (the local municipality department dealing with water) produces 360,000 m³ of drinking water in the two water treatment works of Lovö and Norsborg, and distributes it to 1.3 million people in Stockholm. This constitutes the flow of water regarding households, schools and other consumers. But it does not include all the industrial and agricultural water witch, to some extent, is delivered in other ways. The water is retrieved in Lake Mälaren. To maintain a high quality of drinking water, measures are continuously taken to protect the source of water supply; Lake Mälaren as well as the reserve water source Bornsjön. These two lakes are the main stocks of freshwater in the region. In the future there are some concerns regarding climate change and water quality in Lake Mälaren and Bornsjön. In short the predictions are that there will be less precipitation during the summer months and more during the winter. The weather will also be more turbulent with more storms. This could lead to more uncontrolled flows of water into these stocks of water and hence increase the levels of pollutants etc. In order to avoid this there need to be some precautionary planning upstream of these stocks of water. **FOOD:** It is estimated that it takes 0,41 hectare (ha) to sustain each swede based on our current level of living standards. However, at the moment there are only 0,30 hectare (ha) available for each person. This means that Sweden’s agricultural production is only sufficient to sustain the need of two thirds of the population. This is applicable for the inhabitants of Stockholm as well. During the period of 1996-2005 3430 hectare (ha) of agricultural land was used for buildings and roads. This trend has continued at the same time as the population of Sweden has increased, especially in the Stockholm region. This means that the stock of land available for agricultural production is shrinking and the flow of agricultural products is increasing from the global market. Seen in the light of future challenges to urban areas this trend has to change. There is an urgent need to avoid exploitation of potential agricultural land and at the same time add to the stock of this resource. More locally based flows of food and nutrients are a vital part of a sustainable future city. [1]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/1416511576361377.jpg