Uploaded on 2016-03-29 by PriscillaSetiabudhi

Only 65% out of 26,100 l/s fresh water demand can be supported by 13 rivers surrounding Jakarta area. Due to quality concern, the rest 35% need to be supplied by rivers and dams from West Java and Central Java. The waste from riverside slums and larger industrial polluters has made Jakarta Bay a toxic dump, and the black muck from each of the city's 13 polluted rivers is increasing every year, regularly killing thousands of fish. Worse still, more than 60 percent of city's residents, many of them squatters, rely on groundwater supplies for bathing because infrastructure to deliver treated tap water is sorely lacking. http://www.indonesia-investments.com/news/todays-headlines/jakarta-may-face-clean-water-crisis-by-2025-if-not-acted-upon-now/item1797 ![Contaminated river in Jakarta][1] **Regulating services** With the total numbers of motorized vehicles in Jakarta is almost 20 million and tendency to increase 12% every year, Jakarta is rank 23rd of the most polluted city in Asia with Pollutant Index 82.88. http://www.numbeo.com/pollution/region_rankings.jsp?title=2016&region=142 To help reduce carbon-dioxide pollution, in 2007 government started a ‘Car Free Day’ campaign on Sudirman road and Thamrin road every Sunday from 6 to 11AM. All motorized vehicles will be barred from entering these two of the capital’s busiest streets. http://infocarfreeday.net/ This ‘Car Free Day’ campaign managed to reduce the dust content level by 40%, reduce Carbon Monoxide to 63% and Nitrogen to 71%. ![carfreeday-1][2] ![carfreeday-2][3] **Habitat or Supporting services** The only nature reserve in this overpopulated city is Muara Angke Reservation. It is a small conservation area of mangrove forests on the north coast of Jakarta. It was originally established by the Netherlands Indies government as a nature preserve on 17 June 1939 with an area of 15.04 ha, and later expanded to 1,344.62 ha in the 1960s. As the last remaining mangrove forest in Jakarta, SMMA, which has a conservation area of 25.02 hectares, is Jakarta's last line of defense against seawater abrasion and rising tides, as well as functioning as lungs for the city and a runoff area for floodwaters. in North part of Jakarta. There are around 30 species of vegetation , 91 species of birds, few species of mammals (monkeys, otters, small carnivores) and few species of reptiles. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suaka_Margasatwa_Muara_Angke ![muaraangke][4] ![muaraangke-2][5] **Cultural services** Golf in Indonesia offers a natural beauty that makes the game of golf so much fun, playing golf in Indonesia such as working out in the world full of color, and and would imagine a beautiful garden into a place to play golf with business associates or relatives. Most of these golf resorts have magnificent views coupled with mild and healing climate. Landscapes and ornamentations are carefully drawn in the most luxurious way. There are beautiful pools and ponds that captivate visitors. There are 10 golf courses in Jakarta in total. http://www.tribunnews.com/travel/2015/08/25/daftar-lapangan-golf-seluruh-jakarta-dan-sekitarnya-alamat-telepon-dan-website ![padang golf jakarta][6] [1]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/1459243383850095.jpg [2]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14592434244524732.jpg [3]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14592434461866406.jpg [4]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14592434704287682.jpg [5]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14592436385418479.jpg [6]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14592436695596797.jpg