Uploaded on 2016-03-31 by lillian-krishen_99

The Sankey Diagram - creating policy to reduce CO2 emissions In this exercise we would like to ask you what you would do to reduce the CO2 emissions in your country. Please let us know: 1. What are the dominant fossil fuels used in your country? Use www.iea.org/sankey to discover it (Hint: e aware of the flow of the energy in the Sankey diagram. Sometimes a part of the production of energy goes to the export of a country. Exported energy won't be consumed by your country itself). Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total) in India was last measured at 72.30 in 2011, according to the World Bank. Fossil fuel comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products. This page has the latest recorded value, and historical data chart and related indicators for Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of total) in India. The energy consumption in India is the fourth biggest after China, USA and Russia. The total primary energy consumption from crude oil (29.45%), natural gas (7.7%), coal (54.5%), nuclear energy (1.26%), hydro electricity (5.0%), wind power, biomass electricity and solar power is 595 Mtoe in the year 2013. 2. Where are the dominant fossil fuels mainly used for in your country? (e.g. transport, industry, non-energy use etc.) Five charts that show how India’s dependence on fossil fuels will increase The IEA expects India’s oil demand to rise the fastest—by 6 million barrels per day to 9.8 mb/d in 2040. China has driven the world energy market in recent years. However, the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) World Economic Outlook (WEO) 2015 projects that India will see the fastest growth in energy demand by 2040 as China effects structural changes to its economy, such as moving towards services. The IEA expects global energy demand to grow by a third from the current levels by 2040. India’s is expected to double even after energy efficiency gains—the overall energy intensity of India’s economy is expected to reduce from 0.11 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) per $1,000 of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013 to 0.05 toe per $1,000 of GDP in 2040. Then, India’s energy use will more than double to reach 1,900 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe). Led by coal, the share of fossil fuels in India’s energy mix will rise to 81% by 2040 from 72% in 2013. India will account for the largest growth in oil consumption Change in oil demand by selected countries and regions in the New Policies Scenario, 2014-2040 (Oil consumption in million barrels per day). USA,-4.2 EU,-3.9 Japan,-1.8 Russia,-0.1 South Africa,0.3 Indonesia,0.6 Brazil,0.8 Middle East,3.5 China,4.9 India,6 Coal will continue to dominate India's energy mix X.1,2000,2013,2020,2030,2040 Oil,25,23,23,23,24 Natural Gas,5,6,6,7,8 Coal,33,44,47,48,49 Nuclear,1,1,2,3,4 Renewables,35,26,23,19,16 India’s coal consumption will reach 1,300 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) in 2040. This will be 50% more than the combined demand of all Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and second only to China. Power generation and industrial usage will account for most of this consumption. The IEA expects India’s oil demand to rise the fastest—by 6.0 million barrels per day to 9.8 mb/d in 2040. It projects that oil production will fall behind demand, pushing oil import dependence above 90% by 2040. The transport sector alone is expected to account for two-thirds of the rise in oil demand with 260 million additional passenger cars, 185 million new two- and three-wheelers and nearly 30 million new trucks and vans being added to the vehicle stock. The shift from fuelwood to LPG for cooking in households will also drive this demand. Passenger vehicles will drive fuel demand in transport sector Road fuel demand for personal transport by type in India in the New Policies Scenario, 2014 and 2040 Share of transport type in 2014 (%),Share of transport type in 2040 (%) Bus,52,24 Passenger light duty-vehicles,23,54 Two/three wheelers,25,22 Nuclear and renewables will see the fastest growth Primary energy demand by fuel in India in the New Policies Scenario (Compound Average Annual Growth Rate in % from 2013-2040). 2013-2040 CAAGR (%) Oil,3.6 Natural Gas,4.6 Coal,3.8 Nuclear,7.9 Hydropower,3.2 Bioenergy,0.4 Other renewables,11 What are the key factors that will drive this rise in energy use? Urbanisation is one factor. The IEA expects an extra 315 million people to move to towns and cities by 2040. The agency also factors in India becoming the most populous country by 2040 and its economy growing by five times by 2040. The construction industry will expand with the rise in urbanization: its constituent sectors such as steel and cement are particularly energy intensive. The infrastructure investment called for by programmes such as the Smart Cities programme will also hike energy usage. A shift to manufacturing, as envisaged by the Make in India programme, will also have an impact, as manufacturing industries consume more energy than services sectors. The IEA report warns that India must prepare for the fallout of the rise in energy consumption, chiefly air pollution and water stress. By 2040, renewables will account for almost half of the power generated in India Power generation capacity by type in India in the New Policies Scenario (GW). 2000,2014,2020,2030,2040 "Thermal (oil, gas)",73,181,239,342,453 Natural gas,11,23,41,76,122 Nuclear,3,6,10,24,39 Hydro,25,45,58,83,108 Other renewables,1,33,89,220,354 3. It is your task to create a new policy in order to improve the environmental friendly and sustainable sources and consumption of energy of your country. How would you do that? Think of how you can improve the sources and the consumption of energy. Challenges of Sustainable Development It is a way of thinking by which we can secure our present and future generation. The right to development means the right to improvement and advancement of economic, social, cultural and political conditions that can improve the global quality of life i.e. the implementation of changes that ensure every person’s life of dignity and at same time people realise what their rights are. The changes must include the eradication and alleviation of widespread conditions of poverty, unemployment, and inequitable social conditions. In this context the The challenges of sustainable development and its consequences are clearly visible. It is only invisible if we do not want to see. Population is a major challenge for sustainable development. The basic challenges will be shortages of drinking water and arable land for food production. Poverty is another major challenge because almost 25% of the world’s population lives on less than USD 1 per day. Inequality continues to be a serious obstacle to sustainable development with the number of people suffering from undernourishment. The fall of food prices over the past 30 years may have contributed to increases in consumption, but in many regions of the world arable terrains are limited, and the creation of new ones has a destructive effect on the remaining ecosystems. In the future, the growth of food production should not come at the expense of nature. By 2010 the current step of biodiversity loss should be significantly slowed. The shortage of drinking water in many regions of the world is a major barrier to sustainable development. It is expected that, at the current rate of development every second person will suffer from water shortage by the year 2025. Human health is also an obstacle in sustainable development. In many cases, deaths in developing countries are avoidable. Humanity should direct more attention and money in the coming years to the struggle against diseases. The imminent task is to reduce the death rate among children under five years of age by two-thirds, and the death rate of young mothers by 75% by 2015. Consumption of energy is a major challenge for sustainable development. Consumption of all forms of energy is continually rising. The improvement of access to reliable, sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources and services, as well as the creation of national programmes for energy effectiveness, is a particularly important task for the next 10-15 years. Deforestation is particularly great challenge before the sustainable development. The world’s forests diminish mainly due to expansion of agriculture. In the coming years, improving the recovery and management of the forests will be of utmost importance. Petrol consumption is constantly rising. Strategies for Sustainable Development - To attain sustainable development many probable strategies may be useful. Input Efficient Technology can be reducing the exploitation of resources. So this technology may be good for sustainable development. By Using of Environmental friendly Sources of Energy, such as LPG and CNG which are eco-friendly fuel, we can reduce the greenhouse gases from the earth. Delhi Transport Corporation’s initiative to CNG Buses in Delhi is one of the best effort to reduce CO2 and other harmful gases. The Government should pay attention on Integrated Rural Development Programmes. Through this the burden and interdependency on cities for employment reduce to a large extent. To focus on renewable sources of energy like solar and wind for energy needs. It will be beneficial for the country like India, where there is enough sun light, to Convert Sun light into solar Energy and Solar Energy in Electricity. It will create an atmosphere for green development. Mediapersons jostling outside the Saket District Courts. Photo: Shiv Kumar Pushpakar ![Image of Petrol Pump - cars refuelling - which goes on throughout the day. One can imagine the pollution caused by so much traffic and petrol being used.][1] ![Garbage on the street in-between houses - in the main city - so much disease can speed. Unhygenic.][2] ![Population in Delhi - Crowds Gathered][3] [1]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14594195956778928.jpeg [2]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14594197014261228.jpeg [3]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14594204868195965.jpg