Uploaded on 2016-03-19 by prasidha_agus

2. I found a research (link: http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/10721IIED.pdf) that shows the difference in temperature in one part of my city can be as high as 3 degree celcius with its surrounding neighborhoods which still are urban areas. This shows that there should be a higher difference with the temperature in rural areas surrounding Jakarta. ![Urban Areas][1] This urban area in one part of Jakarta is a dense urban kampong with relatively very low open spaces and a lot of concrete buildings. This typical part of Jakarta may has created an urban heat island effect due to high amount of long wave radiation trapped between the dense buildings. The lower height of building allows more solar radiation to enter and reflected between the walls of jam-packed buildings while wind gust hardly can enter the spaces between building to flush the heat. The higher wind gust above the dense urban area created a lower buoyancy effect thus obstructing the flow of warm air up into the atmosphere. ![Rural Areas Jakarta (30 km to the south of Jakarta)][2] Meanwhile, just 30 km south of Jakarta, its suburban/rural counterpart experience a lower urban heat island effect due to the lower human intervention to its natural condition. In this picture, a natural pond that is used for recreational fishing has a much lower temperature due to its more open surroundings, lower reflection surface because the building are less exposed to solar radiation and less surface to reflect solar radiation, and more vegetation to reflect solar radiation back to the sky before hitting the building surface or hitting the ground to be reflected to the building. The presence of more water in the rural areas also contributed to less urban heat island effect due to the fact that water absorbed more solar radiation, thus reducing the surface urban heat island and the reflected long-wave radiation to the building. 3. If I can propose a measure to reduce urban heat island in my city, I will propose to add more vegetation and water features in the densely developed part of the city to reduce the entrapped solar radiation between the building. The vegetation can absorb more solar radiation while also reflect solar radiation back to the sky before reflected to the building and creates multiple reflection and entrapped between buildings. While more water features can help alleviate the high temperature by absorbing more solar radiation and less reflect it to the surrounding built environment. 4. The policy in my city is to increase the green areas to provide more public space and provide more spaces between built areas, such as park and playground. I see that at least it can reduce the temperature around the neighborhood where the park belongs such as the picture below shows. ![Jakarta Urban Park][3] [1]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14583866969058502.jpg [2]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14583870705111854.jpg [3]: https://edxuploads.s3.amazonaws.com/14583878096861744.jpg